tl;dr: You can use Chocolatey with SCCM w/out additional infrastructure.
For Leandro, you’ve likely chosen a way forward, and this post may not sway the solution you have set forth (which is totally okay). But I did want to respond for others who may be asking the same questions as you.
Disclaimer: I am the founder of Chocolatey Software, the company behind Chocolatey.
As stated, SCCM and Chocolatey are not competing concerns. If you have SCCM and are using it to distribute software, it can also distribute Chocolatey packages. We have customer and users doing this very thing. It’s likely you missed the documentation on using SCCM distribution points as Chocolatey sources? Sometimes finding things in the documentation can be difficult - our docs are good reference material, we are working on better narrative / walkthrough types of documentation to help with the learning aspect a bit more.
Understand that there is a lot you get with Chocolatey - it’s main purpose and focus has been on package management (complete software management in the business offering) for the last six years, so it is going to excel above any home-grown solution.
If you really evaluate a technology and then decide it doesn’t meet your needs, that feels like a better idea than writing off a known technology before you have educated yourself on it (and I do mean more than a high level).
Chocolatey really does bring a lot to the table, did you know if you were to recreate it you would spend an estimated 10 person years with a cost of over $550,000? Black Duck’s Open Hub estimate based on a salary of $55K/yr, which feels like a very conservative estimate - https://www.openhub.net/p/chocolatey/widgets/project_cocomo. I’m just not sure if I would be comfortable with telling an organization that there is a free, secure, and enterprise-ready option available, but I decided to use the organization’s time and money to make my own solution instead (that would be very uncomfortable conversation for me, I’m not sure about others). Then on top of that, there is a business edition that has even more organizational-focused features (and support) which pays for itself within a few months.
At the end of the day it feels like a better idea to ask yourself “When there are so many organizations that use both SCCM and Chocolatey - Why is it that they would go to that trouble?” People don’t typically choose to do things because they like more work, it’s typically quite the contrary. 
I’m not saying you should give Chocolatey another look, you would need to decide to do that for yourself. I would hope that this has helped persuade you that given the choice between rebuilding an existing technology and using what is available that you might take a closer look next time. HTH