This first line in the try block won’t get caught and gives me the associated error, but if I switch out those lines it will get caught by my catch. Why is that?
Because most cmdlets don’t generate a trappable, terminating exception by default. See “The Big Book of PowerShell Error Handling” (free, Resources menu here to find the ebooks). Essentially, you need to probably add the -ErrorAction parameter.
Some cmdlets also never generate a trappable, terminating exception. That’s in the cmdlet design, and there’s not much you can do about it.