It’s probably easier if you describe or link to something you want to use.
Can’t say I’m good with cryptography but using .net libraries is somewhat similar between powershell and C#.
Main difference is often the way you instanciate objects and calling the methods.
If it’s a third party library (meaning not included in the standard .net framework) you also have to add a reference to the library.
You’re going to have to find something in C# that works for you, and translate it to PowerShell. PowerShell doesn’t have any real crypto wrappers, so you’re going to bee using C#, essentially, inside PowerShell.
No I don’t have a book or guide, sorry.
But I’m pretty sure if you google around you should find plenty of examples.
Here is an example for using AES in powershell.
As a base to explore further it should get you going.
I guess you may want to include code that will hash the key using a passphrase rather than having just the key if you’re going to store it somewhere.
But again it shouldn’t be a big deal after some google exercises.